By 30 July, more than 700 people had been killed; police stations, prisons, government offices, schools and churches had been destroyed. [95][96][97] Although not without critics,[98] the position that the Gospels are a type of ancient biography is the consensus among scholars today. [175] According to Human Rights Watch and the US State Department, in Saudi Arabia Jewish or Christian male plaintiffs are entitled to half the amount a Muslim male would receive, while for all other non-Muslim males the proportion is one-sixteenth. [6][422], After Jesus' death, his followers said he was restored to life, although exact details of their experiences are unclear. [264] Despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray him, Jesus reiterates that the betrayer would be one of those present. Belief that democracy requires restricting religion to private life, held by a minority in the Muslim world. WebDaily U.S. military news updates including military gear and equipment, breaking news, international news and more. [130][131] The lists are identical between Abraham and David, but differ radically from that point. [5][12] It is a sin or a crime to perform a forbidden action or not to perform a mandatory action. On 6 March 2015, the African Union endorsed the creation of a regional force of more than 8,000 troops to combat Boko Haram. [467], The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus is the foundation of the Christian faith. [266][267] A state of emergency was imposed in the western Lake Chad region on 9 November, initially for 12 days, but extended by Chad's national assembly on 18 November to four months. The NPF remain susceptible to corruption, commit human rights abuses, and generally operate with impunity in the apprehension, illegal detention, and sometimes execution of criminal suspects. [268], In all four gospels, Jesus predicts that Peter will deny knowledge of him three times before the rooster crows the next morning. Etannibi E. O. Alemika (2005), "Human Rights and Shariah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria". "[224], Governments of several predominantly Muslim countries have criticized the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) for its perceived failure to take into account the cultural and religious context of non-Western countries. [34][35][36][37][38] Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary (another figure revered in Islam), but was neither God nor a son of God;[39][40] the Quran states that Jesus never claimed to be divine. Is Harry Potter haram? [144] In England, the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal makes use of Sharia family law to settle disputes, though this limited adoption of Sharia is controversial. [526] Bah' thought accepts Jesus as the Son of God. The conflict and refugees spilled over the national borders to involve all four countries. [106] However, this would likely lead to them being shunned by their former community. [87] The government repeatedly ignored warnings about the increasingly militant character of the organization. [247][248], Boko Haram claimed responsibility for a suicide attack on a procession of Shi'ite Muslims killing at least 21, on 30 November, near the village of Dakozoye. [328] Since the 18th century, three separate scholarly quests for the historical Jesus have taken place, each with distinct characteristics and based on different research criteria, which were often developed during the quest that applied them. [308] Khutbah campaigns were held in many parts of the world to speak out against domestic violence and encourage Muslim congregants to eradicate domestic abuse. Five officers were arrested for Yusuf's murder, which had no noticeable effect on the level of unrest. [87] The Hanbali school, with its particularly strict adherence to the Quran and hadith, has inspired conservative currents of direct scriptural interpretation by the Salafi and Wahhabi movements. "[491] The majority of contemporary scholars consider that this material provides no information on the historical Jesus. [5][132][140], Sharia recognizes the concept of haqq. TheCoast Guardlost contact with the boat but a good Samaritan was able to establish contact with them and provided the Thousands of Pharmacies Will Return to Tricare in January. [171] Jesus then begins his ministry after John's arrest. Arthur Drews (18651935) saw Jesus as the concrete form of a myth that predated Christianity. 7. It was reported that factionalisation would make such a deal particularly difficult to achieve. [191][192][193] The final ministry in Jerusalem begins with Jesus' triumphal entry into the city on Palm Sunday. [88][89] Islamic law required judges to be familiar with local customs, and they exercised a number of other public functions in the community, including mediation and arbitration, supervision of public works, auditing waqf finances, and looking after the interests of orphans. Can Muslims read non-Islamic works of fiction? Bulgarian lawmakers have approved the countrys first military aid package to Ukraine involving a classified list of weapons prepared by the government, Lawmakers in Greece have approved legislation banning commercial spyware and reforming rules for legally-sanctioned wiretaps following allegations that senior government officials and journalists had been targeted by shadowy surveillance software, A representative of one of the organizations sharing this years Nobel Peace Prize says Russian President Vladimir Putin should face an international tribunal for the fighting in Ukraine, Chinese leader Xi Jinping has vowed to import more oil and natural gas from energy-rich Gulf Arab states while not interfering in their affairs, French energy giant TotalEnergies says it will walk away from its stake in Russian natural gas producer Novatek and take a $3.7 billion loss, German authorities say judges have confirmed the arrest of 23 people suspected of planning to topple the government, while the extradition of two others detained abroad is being sought, The top United Nations human rights official said Friday that its important to protect the civic space for young environmental activists to highlight the urgency of tackling climate change. [31] In texts evoking a pastoral or nomadic environment, the word, and its derivatives refer to watering animals at a permanent water-hole or to the seashore, with special reference to animals who come there. Qadi al-Nu'man explains that Jesus was from the pure progeny of Abraham, just as Ali and his sons were from the pure progeny of Muhammad, through Fatima. [42] In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, and was neither divine nor resurrected. [54] They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhhab. Thus, Bahs believe that Bah'u'llh is the promised return of Christ. [47][48][53][54], Some analysts have emphasized economic causes as a factor in Boko Haram's success. [44], Jesus calls people to repent their sins and to devote themselves completely to God. Chapters 1417 of the Gospel of John are known as the Farewell Discourse and are a significant source of Christological content. [210] In April, four Boko Haram camps in the Sambisa Forest were overrun by the Nigerian military who freed nearly 300 females. [5] Most historians believe that because of these stringent procedural norms, qadi's courts at an early date lost their jurisdiction over criminal cases, which were instead handled in other types of courts. The militants were reportedly killing men and teenage boys in the town of over 250,000 inhabitants. Saudi Arabia and some other Gulf states possess what may be called classical Sharia systems, where national law is largely uncodified and formally equated with Sharia, with ulema playing a decisive role in its interpretation. Siehe auch sueddeutsche.de, 14. [87] Other currents, such as networks of Indonesian ulema and Islamic scholars residing in Muslim-minority countries, have advanced liberal interpretations of Islamic law without focusing on traditions of a particular madhhab. WebRead latest breaking news, updates, and headlines. [68] The movement is diffuse, and fighters who are associated with it follow the Salafi doctrine. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. Zainab bint Younus (AnonyMouse) is a Canadian Muslim woman who writes on Muslim women's issues, gender related injustice in the Muslim community, and Muslim women in Islamic history. Following this the group retreated to the Sambisa Forest and commenced guerilla warfare tactics. [305], The Roman soldiers break the two thieves' legs (a procedure designed to hasten death in a crucifixion), but they do not break those of Jesus, as he is already dead (John 19:33). The Nigerian troops killed 11 of the insurgents during a battle in Gamoran Village, while the remaining insurgents were killed trying to escape from the Army's efforts in Northern Borno. [211] Michael Broyde, professor of law at Emory University specializing in alternative dispute resolution and Jewish law,[212] has argued that sharia courts can be integrated into the American religious arbitration system, provided that they adopt appropriate institutional requirements as American rabbinical courts have done. [472] Christians view Jesus as a role model, whose God-focused life believers are encouraged to imitate. On 9 February, a massacre occurred on the A3 road in Auno, Borno. While the origin of hadith remains a subject of scholarly controversy, this theory (of Goldziher and Schacht) has given rise to objections, and modern historians generally adopt more cautious, intermediate positions,[45] 'Abd; Encyclopedia of Islam, Brill, 2nd Edition, Vol 1, pp. [170] In July, the deputy prime minister's home village was attacked by around 200 militants; his wife was kidnapped, along with the Sultan of Kolofata and his family. The dates for Paul's conversion and ministry can be determined by analyzing the Pauline epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. This early attempt to turn Islamic law into semi-codified state legislation sparked rebellions against Mughal rule. [317][318][319] Starting with the 20th century, Western legal systems evolved to expand women's rights, but women's rights in the Muslim world have to varying degree remained tied to the Quran, hadiths and their traditional interpretations by Islamic jurists. [92] He is a tireless wonder worker, the servant of both God and man. 1 Peter 3:22 states that Jesus has "gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God". [570], Some relics, such as purported remnants of the crown of thorns placed on the head of Jesus, receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while the Shroud of Turin (which is associated with an approved Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus), has received millions,[571] including popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. The announcement to the media of a peace agreement and the imminent release of all the missing girls was followed days later by a video message in which Shekau stated that no such meeting had taken place and that the girls had been "married off". What is a legend? [6] Mukhtasars were short specialized treatises or general overviews that could be used in a classroom or consulted by judges. [87][54] Rulings of these schools are followed across the Muslim world without exclusive regional restrictions, but they each came to dominate in different parts of the world. [233][234] Many of the miracles teach the importance of faith. WebWashington, D.C. news, weather, traffic and sports from FOX 5, serving the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. The army claimed it dismissed some officers from the military as a result of alleged abuses committed in Maiduguri, but there were no known formal prosecutions in Maiduguri by year's end. [322] The soldiers were serving with the 7 Guards Battalion, Lungi Barracks, Maitama and 176 Guards Battalion, Gwagwalada in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Organisation. Jesus is said to be arrested by Roman and Temple guards. [299][300][301][302] Musawah, CEDAW, KAFA and other organizations have proposed ways to modify Sharia-inspired laws to improve women's rights in Muslim-majority nations, including women's rights in domestic abuse cases. [209] His reference to the sharia sparked a controversy. The most widely accepted dates derived from this method are 7 April 30 AD, and 3 April 33 AD (both Julian). A spokesman for the U.S. state department said: "We regret premature termination of this training, as it was to be the first in a larger planned project that would have trained additional units with the goal of helping the Nigerian Army build capacity to counter Boko Haram. [35][36], In mid-2014, the militants gained control of swaths of territory in and around their home state of Borno, estimated at 50,000 square kilometres (20,000sqmi) in January 2015, but did not capture the state capital, Maiduguri, where the group was originally based. [198] Although the death toll of the massacre was earlier estimated by Western media to be upwards of 2000,[199] the Defence Ministry dismissed these claims as "speculation and conjecture", estimating the figure to be closer to 150. [406], Jesus chose twelve disciples (the "Twelve"),[407] evidently as an apocalyptic message. For example, in 1729 at the Islamic court in Galata only two percent of cases involved non-Muslims whereas in 1789 non-Muslims were a part of thirty percent of cases. Attacks by Boko Haram resulted in over 1700 fatalities in first half of 2019, including casualties of its own members. [80][81] Acts 1:111[82] says more about the Ascension of Jesus[83] than the canonical gospels do. [59], The modern linguistic analysis of the name Yehoshua is "Yahweh is lordly". [249], On 12 January, Boko Haram attacked a Cameroon military base in Kolofata, a commune in the Far North region. Police arrested a suspect Friday evening in connection with two fatal shootings in Dorchester County. One of the victims was a TV reporter. [142] In Matthew 2:112, wise men or Magi from the East bring gifts to the young Jesus as the King of the Jews. [196] In John, Jesus' first two apostles were disciples of John the Baptist. The authors of the Gospels are all anonymous, attributed by tradition to the four evangelists, each with close ties to Jesus:[91] Mark by John Mark, an associate of Peter;[92] Matthew by one of Jesus' disciples;[91] Luke by a companion of Paul mentioned in a few epistles;[91] and John by another of Jesus' disciples,[91] the "beloved disciple". [167] The official announcement of the president's candidacy was made before cheering crowds in Abuja on 11 November. [511] According to most classic Sunni and Twelver Shi'ite interpretations of these verses, the likeness of Jesus was cast upon a substitute (most often one of the apostles), who was crucified in Jesus' stead. It is believed that God weighs an individual's good deeds against their sins on the Day of Judgement and [5][90] Court personnel also included a number of assistants performing various roles. Even so, the sources for Jesus' life are better than sources scholars have for the life of Alexander the Great. Scholars use a number of criteria, such as the criterion of independent attestation, the criterion of coherence, and the criterion of discontinuity to judge the historicity of events. [557][558], The Transfiguration was a major theme in Eastern Christian art, and every Eastern Orthodox monk who had trained in icon painting had to prove his craft by painting an icon depicting it. Jesus' baptism presupposed but not mentioned. [82], Ethnic militancy is thought to have been one of the causes of the 19671970 civil war; religious violence reached a new height in 1980 in Kano, the largest city in the north of the country, where the Muslim fundamentalist sect Yan Tatsine ("followers of Maitatsine") instigated riots that resulted in four or five thousand deaths. The NGOs were critical of both security forces and Boko Haram. [342] [6] It also comprises methods for establishing authenticity of hadith and for determining when the legal force of a scriptural passage is abrogated by a passage revealed at a later date. [115][329] While there is widespread scholarly agreement on the existence of Jesus,[e] and a basic consensus on the general outline of his life,[l] the portraits of Jesus constructed by various scholars often differ from each other, and from the image portrayed in the gospel accounts. [320][43] Internal intelligence memos backing this claim were afterwards shown to the Wall Street Journal. Specific details of the cooperation between the British and Nigerian governments include: A 13 million programme to educate 100,000 children living in the conflict zone and; [22] Often referred to as "rabbi",[22] Jesus preaches his message orally. Boko Haram's spokesman also claimed responsibility for the killing outside his home in Maiduguri of the politician Abba Anas Ibn Umar Garbai, the younger brother of the Shehu of Borno, who was the second most prominent Muslim in the country after the Sultan of Sokoto. [228] On the following day, four female suicide bombers claimed one victim after they were intercepted by the JTF in Maiduguri, according to a NEMA spokesman. WebWatch CNN streaming channels featuring Anderson Cooper, classic Larry King interviews, and feature shows covering travel, culture and global news. WebWashington, D.C. news, weather, traffic and sports from FOX 5, serving the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. Though the Islamic terms qadi and mahkama (qadi's/Sharia court) were preserved, they generally came to mean judge and court in the Western sense. At this time, Christian missionaries spread the Christian message in the region and converted a large segment of the Nigerian populace. More than 40 British soldiers have also been sent on a long-term deployment to Nigeria.[363]. But what does that really mean? In the gospel accounts, Jesus devotes a large portion of his ministry by performing miracles, especially healings. Testimony to establish the crime of adultery, fornication or rape must be from four Muslim male witnesses, with some fiqhs allowing substitution of up to three male with six female witnesses; however, at least one must be a Muslim male. [23], The Gospels offer several indications concerning the year of Jesus' birth. In many countries, in legal proceedings relating to Sharia-based personal status law, a woman's testimony is worth half of a man's before a court. [113] While the flow of some events (such as Jesus' baptism, transfiguration, crucifixion and interactions with his apostles) are shared among the Synoptic Gospels, incidents such as the transfiguration do not appear in John, which also differs on other matters, such as the Cleansing of the Temple. On 16 and 17 April, a massacre of dozens of civilians as well as the destruction of hundreds of homes and businesses occurred in Baga, Borno, during a battle between Boko Haram and the Nigerian Army. The Arewa People's Congress, the militia wing of the Arewa Consultative Forum, the main political group representing the interests of northern Nigeria, is a well-funded group with military and intelligence expertise and is considered capable of engaging in military action, including covert bombing. The village's military base had previously been targeted by suicide bombers on 3 September, when 30 were killed. [5][113] Mazalim verdicts were supposed to conform to the spirit of Sharia, but they were not bound by the letter of the law or the procedural restrictions of qadi's courts. [92], Since 2018, there has been major spike in attacks by Boko Haram, concentrated in Borno State, in order to be the prevalent terror group in the country. [120], The prologue to the Gospel of John identifies Jesus as an incarnation of the divine Word (Logos). [295] Pilate writes a sign in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek that reads "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews" (abbreviated as INRI in depictions) to be affixed to Jesus' cross,[296][297] then scourges Jesus and sends him to be crucified. [383], Gza Vermes says that the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus arose from theological development rather than from historical events. [163], Quran2:282 recommends written financial contracts with reliable witnesses, although there is dispute about equality of female testimony. Matthew focuses on an event after the Luke Nativity where Jesus was an infant. [216] By denouncing the police and state corruption, Yusuf attracted followers from unemployed youth. Brunschvig. [400], According to Ehrman, Jesus taught that a coming kingdom was everyone's proper focus, not anything in this life. However, in August 2016, Al-Baghdadi replaced Shekau with Abu Musab al-Barnawi, the son of the Boko Haram's previous leader Muhammad Yusuf, their motivation (at least according to one source) being to trim back Shekau's tendency to apply takfir (accusations of apostasy) to "all mainstream Muslims". [26] In some countries (e.g., parts of Nigeria), people can choose whether to pursue a case in a Sharia or secular court. [5] While the constitutions of most Muslim-majority states contain references to Sharia, its rules are largely retained only in family law. Jesus is now a child and not an infant. In a discussion organized by the Woodrow Wilson Center, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, a former president of Nigeria, highlighted the low level of literacy and education in the Northern parts of the country, as contributing to the perpetuation of Boko Haram. Unlike common law, judges' verdicts do not set binding precedents[148] under the principle of stare decisis,[149] and unlike civil law, Sharia is left to the interpretation in each case and has no formally codified universal statutes. [182] State-employed muftis generally promote a vision of Islam that is compatible with state law of their country. Cases involving litigants from two different religious groups fell under jurisdiction of Sharia courts,[5] where (unlike in secular courts)[100] testimony of non-Muslim witnesses against a Muslim was inadmissible in criminal cases[101] or at all. Jesus teaches mostly in long, involved discourses. The press release gives an insight into the multiple methods (including community engagement and direct intervention by the Nigerian government) of preventing and reducing the impacts of attacks carried out by Boko Haram in Nigeria. [309][310][311], Shari'a is the basis for personal status laws in most Islamic-majority nations. [44], The Gospels refer to Jesus not only as a messiah but in the absolute form as "the Messiah" or, equivalently, "the Christ". Twenty-three Muslim-majority countries, as of 2013[update], penalized apostasy from Islam through their criminal laws. [14][15] Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" (al-akm al-khamsa): mandatory (far or wjib), recommended (mandb or mustaabb), neutral (mub), reprehensible (makrh), and forbidden (arm). [284] In a video released a few days later, Shekau refused to accept al-Barnawi's appointment as leader and vowed to fight him while stating that he was still loyal to ISIL's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. [83] Social inequality and poverty contributed both to the Maitatsine and Boko Haram uprisings. Luke's account emphasizes events before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's mostly covers those after the birth and centers on Joseph. Sheriff denies the accusations.[89]. WebDaily U.S. military news updates including military gear and equipment, breaking news, international news and more. [352], Early Islamic law developed a number of legal concepts that anticipated similar such concepts that later appeared in English common law. [230], In 2009, the journal Free Inquiry summarized the criticism of the Cairo Declaration in an editorial: "We are deeply concerned with the changes to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by a coalition of Islamic states within the United Nations that wishes to prohibit any criticism of religion and would thus protect Islam's limited view of human rights. I am assuring you that they will never again recapture the territory taken from them because what is happening right now with the deployment of troops, equipment and morale will ensure that. In Kano, on 20 January, they carried out by far their most deadly action yet, an assault on police buildings, killing 190. 1286318. [30] The Arabic expression Sharat Allh ( "Gods Law") is a common translation for (Gods Law in Hebrew) and (Gods Law in Greek in the New Testament [Rom. [437][438], Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Palestine. [391] The contradictions between the two Gospels was probably apparent to the early Christians already, since attempts to harmonize the two narratives are already present in the earlier apochryphal infancy gospels (the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of James), which are dated to the 2nd century CE. WebGet the latest news and follow the coverage of breaking news events, local news, weird news, national and global politics, and more from the world's top trusted media outlets. [426] In addition to portraying Jesus as an apocalyptic prophet, a charismatic healer or a cynic philosopher, some scholars portray him as the true messiah or an egalitarian prophet of social change. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. [167], In the Gospel of Mark, John the Baptist baptizes Jesus, and as he comes out of the water he sees the Holy Spirit descending to him like a dove and he hears a voice from heaven declaring him to be God's Son. [5][6] Modern historians have presented alternative theories of the formation of fiqh. ; God will return the Jewish people to the Land of Israel. [535] Some Buddhists, including Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, regard Jesus as a bodhisattva who dedicated his life to the welfare of people. It is under a state of emergency. [90] In March 2015, Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIS self-styled caliph Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi and became "West African Province" (Wilayat Garb Ifriqiyah), i.e. [562][563][s] Margaret M. Mitchell writes that although Eusebius reports (Ecclesiastical History III 5.3) that the early Christians left Jerusalem for Pella just before Jerusalem was subjected to the final lockdown, we must accept that no first-hand Christian items from the early Jerusalem Church have reached us. [142][143][144], In Luke 1:3138, Mary learns from the angel Gabriel that she will conceive and bear a child called Jesus through the action of the Holy Spirit. While citizens and organizations developed various coping and circumventing strategies, Boko Haram evolved from an open network model of insurgency to a closed centralized system, shifting the center of its operations to the Sambisa Forest. 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[280], On 30 January, at least 86 people were killed and at least 62 more injured in an attack by Boko Haram militants on Dalori Village which is located in Borno State, 4 kilometers from Maiduguri. In contrast, certain prominent North American scholars, such as Burton Mack and John Dominic Crossan, advocate for a non-eschatological Jesus, one who is more of a Cynic sage than an apocalyptic preacher. Muslims for White Ribbon Campaign was launched in 2010 with Imams and Muslim leaders committing to join with others to work to end violence against women. [277] Instead of being betrayed by a kiss, Jesus proclaims his identity, and when he does, the soldiers and officers fall to the ground. [448] His clothing may have suggested poverty consisting of a mantle (shawl) with tassels, a knee-length basic tunic and sandals. [124], During the colonial era, Muslim rulers concluded that they could not resist European pressure unless they modernized their armies and built centrally administered states along the lines of Western models. [185], In Iran, hisba was enshrined in the constitution after the 1979 Revolution as a "universal and reciprocal duty", incumbent upon both the government and the people. In the traditional Islamic context, a concise text like Al-Hidayah would be used as a basis for classroom commentary by a professor, and the doctrines thus learned would be mediated in court by judicial discretion, consideration of local customs and availability of different legal opinions that could fit the facts of the case. According to Matthew and Mark, he refuses it. [133], Constitutions of many Muslim-majority countries refer to Sharia as a source or the main source of law, though these references are not in themselves indicative of how much the legal system is influenced by Sharia, and whether the influence has a traditionalist or modernist character. By the end of 2011, these conflicting strategies led observers to question the group's cohesion; comparisons were drawn with the diverse motivations of the militant factions of the oil-rich Niger Delta. Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians. WebWatch breaking news videos, viral videos and original video clips on CNN.com. [286] Shekau has released videos since the split in which he refers to his group by its previous name of Jam'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihd. Islam is a religion of equality and fairness. In a video obtained by the news agency AFP on 24 August, Shekau announced that Gwoza was now part of an Islamic caliphate. [j][132] Various theories have been put forward to explain why the two genealogies are so different. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. On 6 October, three suspected Boko Haram militants accidentally blew themselves up while transporting explosives to Bosso town in Diffa. Timur Kuran (2012), The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East, Princeton University Press. ; God will restore the House of David and the Temple in Jerusalem. We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. [463][464][465] Christian views of Jesus are derived from various sources, including the canonical gospels and New Testament letters such as the Pauline epistles and the Johannine writings. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS. [218], Boko Haram militants attacked multiple mosques on 1 and 2 July. The group has denounced the members of the Sufi and the Shiite sects as infidels,[74] and also mainstream Sunni Muslims who fail to support their jihad. "[377], In October 2015, General David M. Rodriguez, the head of the United States Africa Command, reported that Boko Haram has lost territory, directly contradicting statements which were made by Boko Haram. The U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform says the Washington Commanders covered up decades of sexual misconduct according to a new report released Thursday. "[369][370] The State Department had resisted earlier calls to designate Boko Haram as a terrorist group after the 2011 Abuja United Nations bombing. [179][180] Instead, fatwas have increasingly served to advise the general public on other aspects of Sharia, particularly questions regarding religious rituals and everyday life. [276] According to Khaled Abou El Fadl, moderate Muslims do not believe that apostasy requires punishment. [560], Jesus appears as an infant in a manger (feed trough) in Christmas creches, which depict the Nativity scene. Following precedents of earlier Islamic thinkers, he advocated restoring Islam to its original purity by returning to the Quran and the sunna instead of following the medieval schools of jurisprudence. 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