(57) Other Scientific Names . (7) Hypoglycemics: By increasing blood sugar, cocoa might decrease the effectiveness of some antidiabetic medications. Epicatechin: Epicatechin, Witches broom (caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa) and frosty pod rot (caused by M. roreri) are serious diseases affecting crops in the Americas and West Indies and are of major concern to growers in Africa and Asia who seek to prevent their spread. The pods, or cherelles, range in colour from bright yellow to deep purple. Forastero yielded high amounts of 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol, anethole, and 2,4-pentanediol. Subfractions showed strongest antibacterial activity against S. cholerasuis and S. epidermis. The aqueous extract of Theobroma cacao was most active and was more active against W2 than 3D7 Plasmodium falcifarum. (49), Findings were similar in another study of 32 healthy subjects who consumed 234 mg of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins or placebo per day for 28 days. Toxicological Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cacao Seed Extracts: Acute, Subchronic, and Genetic Toxicity Studies / Ravi Kumar Madireddy, Krishanu Sengupta et al / Journal of Toxicology, Volume 2022; Article ID 3903943 / DOI: 10.1155/2022/3903943 Last updated on Mar 16, 2021. Achiote is an evergreen that can grow up to 25 feet (7.6 m) tall and has large, broad leaves and pink or white flowers. classication, and was published in his classic book, . Use of cacao dates back 2000 years to Central and South America, but is native to the Amazon and is still used today as part of their daily staple diet. Properties of Malaysian Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Polyphenols-Rich Extract, Effects - In southwest Nigeria, decoction of bark of Theobroma cacao and leaves of Sorghum bicolor in 250 ml of water taken twice daily for treatment of anemia. In silico tests, molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations evaluated five compounds in the series: amentoflavone, isorhoifolin, nicotiflorin, naringin, and rutin and their ability to bind to the main viral protease. The study can be a solid starting point for future in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate the molecules and/or test similar substances as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protease. These should not be confused with the similar sounding, but very different plant, the maca root. 77, No. Theobromine, when ingested in the form of a large chocolate bar, did not cause any acute hemodynamic or electrophysiologic cardiac changes in young, healthy adults. - In Douala, Cameroon, used for wound healing, depression, and stomach aches. It is known worldwide for its beans used in the manufacture of chocolate. In vitro anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Theobroma cacao L. / Olukemi Osukoya, Adewale Fadaka, Olusola Adewale et al / AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2019; 4(3): pp 568-577 / DOI: 10.3934/agrfood.2019.3.568 - Theobromine resembles caffeine in action, with less powerful effects on the central nervous system. Availability The polyphenol rich content is believed to have contributed to the outcome. No association was found in the dose-response meta-analysis, the stratified analysis by gender, or the categorical analysis between the highest vs the lowest category of chocolate consumed. (36) (39) pf Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae) extracts from East and South regions in Cameroon / Natacha L Yembeau,, Proisper C N Biapa et al/ Investigational Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, 2018; 1(1), DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. In the study form and doses, the extract exhibited comparative limited capacities to reduce oxidative stress and ameliorate dyslipidemia in T1-DR. (37) (6) Lithium: Cocoa caffeine may increase the rate of lithium elimination. (12) In Aztec society, cocoa beans were used to pay annual taxes to the Emperor.11, The medicinal use of chocolate has a long history in North America dating to the 16th century.13 In the 1600s, it was argued that "chocolate" should be considered a medicine because it changed a patient's health. Percentage parasitaemia suppression was significant for all doses. A stable complex formation of EGFR-Hirsutrin was observed during 100 NS MD simulation. / doi: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000134 lesion induced by ethanol / OSAKABE N., SANBONGI C et al / Bioscience, Cocoa solid, cocoa butter, and chocolate are all rich sources of antioxidants.2 Epidemiological studies show an inverse association between the consumption of cocoa and the risk of cardiovascular disease.3, 4 The likely . It is toxic to humans when it mixed with rice or maize ( also known as corn ) which . Free radical damage has been implicated as a cause of cognitive decline and memory loss in aging. cacao Common Name(s): Cacao, Cocoa Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. info Study suggests cocoa has more beneficial effects for combating diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases and for boosting the immune system. - Ceremonial Food: Cacao was a tree and food most prized by ancient Maya and Aztec, consumed during rituals and offered as sacraments to the gods. Rainfall requirements depend upon the frequency and distribution of rain and the degree of water retention by the soil; the minimum necessary rainfall is about 100 cm (39 inches) evenly distributed throughout the year, but 150200 cm (5979 inches) is optimal. Corrections? Scientific Name : TSN: In: Kingdom Go to Advanced Search and Report . Sodr, G. Gosmann, M. Brendel and C. Pungartnik / Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 7725-7735 (2014) - Root decoction used as emmenagogue (promotes or stimulates to 5 to 8 meters high Leaves are alternate, entire, oblong-ovate to oblong, 15 to 40 Analysis revealed 34 bioactives in cocoa targeting 50 proteins regulating 21 pathways involved in cancer and oxidative stress in humans. It showed cytotoxic effect in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Activated Carbon from Pod Husk / Arsenic Adsorption: Study showed cocoa pod husk material, a waste biomass, can be used to produce activated carbon by chemical activation and ZnCl2 showed to be the best chemical activation agent. Fruit in the 20 to 60 seeds (cocoa beans) that actually performs the 5 columns. : 782 (1753) This species is accepted The native range of this species is Costa Rica to S. Tropical America. (45) Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation biomarkers were evaluated after 35 pre-hypertensive adults ingested pure epicatechin (100 mg/day) and quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/day) for 4 weeks in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Uses and medicinal properties of Cocoa. Uniquely original from our South American Amazon forests, we offer Ceremonial Cacao that comes directly from the Ashaninka tribe in Peru, a tribe that focuses in cultivating their cacao with the highest organic . As you know the scientific name consists of two parts: the genus name, which comes first, and the particular species name, which comes second. No other significant differences were observed in blood pressure, cardiovascular risk parameters (eg, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance), or arterial stiffness or vascular function outcomes. (89), Consumption of chocolate bars has been shown to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure. One of the first countries to advocate for organic cocoa production- Green and Blacks- itself originates from Belize, and in 1993 launched the worlds first fair trade chocolate bar, Mayan Gold. What countries do cacao trees grow in? With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age. (42) The main catechin is (-)-epicathechin with up to 35% of polyphenol content. (7) Epicatechin concentrations among freshly harvested beans range from 21.89 to 43.27 mg/g of dry defatted samples. Sources and Suggested Readings line, Dietary flavanols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function, Antioxidative Polyphenols Isolated from Theobroma cacao, Flavonoids from Theobroma cacao Down-Regulate Inflammatory Mediators, Protective Activity of Theobroma cacao L. Phenolic Extract on AML12 and MLP29 Liver Cells by Preventing Apoptosis and Inducing Autophagy, Polyphenols in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), Antioxidant and biological activity of phenolic pigments from Theobroma cacao hulls extracted with supercritical CO2, Theobroma cacao L., the Food of the Gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claims, The Protective Effect of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colon Cancer, Production of Activated Carbon from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husk, Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine: Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health, Chocolate Lover? In pre-Columbian times, its bean was a major currency with great trading value. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. (41) (51) (59) Kakaw's scientific name "Theobroma" means "food for the - Studies have yielded various polyphenolic compounds, viz., simple phenols, benzoquinones, phenolic acids, acetophenones, phenylacetic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylpropenes, coumarines, chromones, naphthoquinones, xanthones, stilbenes, anthraquinones, flavonoids, lignans, and lignins. L.". Devin is responsible for background work on many of the articles on the site, as well as some science writing. Family (28) The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Some common diseases such as cherelle (young pod) wilt, cushion galls, and dieback are not thoroughly understood and may result from a combination of physiological, viral, nutritional, and fungal conditions. Study suggests that the antiulcer mechanism of the polyphenols was from The aqueous extract showed higher DPPH scavenging activity while the ethanolic extract showed higher ferric reducing power, total phenolic content, and anthelmintic potential against Pheretima posthuma. Of the 5 endothelial dysfunction biomarkers measured, soluble endothelial selectin was significantly reduced by epicatechin (P = 0.03) and quercetin (P = 0.03) supplementation. (17) As a food, cacao was enjoyed by the royal elite as a drink, and was prepared hot, bitter, and frothy, often flavored with chili powder, vanilla, honey and allspice. In cultivating cacao, plants are first grown from seeds or cuttings and then transplanted. (37, 38), Although, the relatively high stearic acid content in cocoa products was once purported to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is no longer considered to play a role in the reduction of CHD risk. Start studying BIOL 5543S Test 2: Scientific Names and Examples. Study showed that Malaysian cocoa polyphenol extract has a potential 62, no8, pp. Similar conclusions were noted in the 2017 updated meta-analysis that added 17 trials to the review for a total of 1,804 mainly healthy participants. (54) Cacao (scientific name) "Food of the gods" Cacao (meaning of name) . tannins +++, phenolic compounds +++, cardiac glycosides +, saponins ++, flavonoids +++, proteins +++, tyrosine +, carbohydrates +, reducing sugars +, tannic acids ++, gums +++. Possible mechanisms of its protective effects include (1) endothelial Function and NO (2) antioxidant properties (3) platelet function (4) anti-hypertensive effect (5) antiatherogenic effects including effects on insulin resistance and blood lipids. Theobroma cacao / Useful Tropical Plants Source: Wikimedia Commons. Sandoricum harmansianum Perkins: Kechapi (Eng.) Two hours after ingestion, 40 g of dark chocolate significantly improved maximal walking distance, maximum walking time, and serum nitrite/nitrate compared with baseline; no changes were observed following 40 g milk chocolate consumption. The specific name cacao is the Hispanization of the name of the plant in indigenous Mesoamerican languages. It is believed to have originated far to the south of the historic boundaries of the Mayan civilization, in the thin stretch of coastline west of the South American Andes Mountains, although the native peoples there are thought to have eaten the fleshy fruit that grows around the bean instead of roasting the bean itself. (11) (14) 2009 Dec; 43(4): 164168 Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Walp. or nearly white, about 1 centimeter in diameter. Preferred Common Name gliricidia Other Scientific Names Galedupa pungam Blanco Gliricidia lambii Fernald Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Walp. Immune Activity: Study evaluated the effect of (-)-epicatechin and cocoa extract on the activation of a lymphoid cell line. Leaves up to 20cm long, oblong-obovate with drip tip (acuminate). Lonchocarpus sepium (Jacq.) Roasting may cause significant degradation of -tocopherol and phytosterols compared to raw cocoa beans. (47) They ripen in less than six months to a length up to 35 cm (14 inches) and a width at the centre of 12 cm (4.7 inches). (4) (8) Extract down-modulated T lymphocyte activation and the acquired (13) Cocoa is a food rich in polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids). It was neither mutagenic nor clastogenic. Clovamide / Antioxidant / Seed: Study of a phenolic fraction of seeds yielded clovamide (trans-clovamide,92S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino]propanoic acid), a naturally occurring caffeoyl conjugate and potent antioxidant. one of the bioactive nutrients in cocoa can promote blood vessel relaxation Updated August 2022 / March 2018 / November 2016, Additional (46) The Olmecs, an ancient civilization from what is now Mexico, were the first to use Cacao Fruit over 3,500 years ago. Scientific Name(s): Theobroma cacao L. subsp. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 142 terms. (32) The cacao was known as kakaw in Tzeltal, Kiche and Classic Maya; kagaw in Sayula Popoluca; and cacahuatl in Nahuatl as "bean of the cocoa-tree". Its main flavonoids are flavan-3-ols, epicatechin, and catechin. Typical leaves are heart-shaped. Summary. (56) of polyphenol substances derived from Theobroma cacao on gastric mucosal Results suggest that chocolate is stable against oxidative deterioration due to the presence of these polyphenolic compounds. Cortez described the preparation and use of a beverage called chocalatl, made of the seeds of T. cacao. 124-125) 2 kg of Madre de cacao leaves r 12 pieces of chilies Grinder Pail Strainer: Grind Madre de cacao leaves and chilies. Africa yields about 70% of cocoa production. Now the trees are grown in plantations in many tropical countries. Only a few compounds were found exclusively specific to one group, Trinitario. The botanical name or scientific name of cocoa tree is "Theobroma cacao. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (36) Study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-sickling properties of cocoa extracts from two localities of Cameroon: EFCM and EFCB. (3, 4, 39, 42) Two of these studies provide data specific to the effects of cocoa. Cardiac Benefits / Decreased DNA Methylation of Leukocytes: Study concludes cocoa consumption decreases global DNA methylation of peripheral leucocytes in humans with CVD risk factors. Preferred Common Name witches' broom disease of cacao. The cacao tree is native to tropical regions in Central and South America, and its fruit was consumed by pre-Columbian cultures like the Mayans over 4,000 years ago. (13) (3) Antihypertensives: Dark chocolate may decrease blood pressure, although in large quantities, the caffeine in cocoa may have the opposite effect. (19) / Drug interactions sphaerocarpum. (18) (19) (16) . (15) The cacao tree is unusual because it produces flowers directly on its trunk and branches, rather than on new shoots. (5) Synthetic Beta-PEA at doses of 0.63 to 1.35 mg/day has been reported to cause Parkinson's symptoms through by-passing of presystemic metabolism. (18) Source: Wikimedia Commons. Theobroma cacao L. compounds: Theoretical study and molecular modeling as inhibitors of main SARS-CoV-2 protease / Osvaldo Yaez, William Tiznado et al / Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Aug 2021; Vol 140: 111764 / DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111764 (40) -The flesh contain enzymes: protease, invertase, raffinase, The studies included 4 cohorts and 1 post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial; a total of 106,109 participants were enrolled and follow-up ranged from 9 to 14 years. (6) Various dilutions were tested in rabbits. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anti-sickling properties Parts it is used in the manufacture of confections, toilet Common Name: Chocolate | Scientific Name: Theobroma Cacao Family Name: Sterculiaceae Introduction When people think of chocolate, they usually think of the sweet shop and high calorie chocolate bars. Phenolic Compounds and C ACAO Scientific Name: Theobroma cacao Common Name: Cacao tree and Cocoa tree INTRODUCTION Cacao Chocolate comes from Theobroma cacao, the scientific name for the cacao tree. Hypoglycaemic Cacao became to the Mayans one of the godliest of all foods, trumped only by Maize, with a God of Cacao- Ek Chuah- having his own annual festival every April. Chocolate is prepared in the same way, with the fat retained. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. (56) A study that followed changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate demonstrated that one area of the brain is involved when there is motivation or craving to eat chocolate, while another area is involved when the desire to eat chocolate is decreased or becomes unpleasant. (39) Roasting impact on the contents of clovamide (N-caffeoyl-L-DOPA) and the antioxidant activity of cocoabeans (Theobroma cacao L.) / Marco Arlorio, Monica Locatelli *, Fabiano Travaglia, Jean-Daniel Co sson, Erika Del Grosso, Alberto Minassi, Giovanni Appendino, Aldo Martelli / Food Chemistry 106 (2008) 967975 (53) The antiproliferative effect suggests a potential anticancer property. In-vitro study showed significantly increased insulin secretion compared to control. The Antimalarial Potential of Three Ghanaian Medicinal Plants / Gustav Komlaga, Sandrine Cojean, Mehdi Beniddir A, Rita Dicksona, Pierre Champy, Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah, soulaf Suyyagh-Albouz, Jonathan Jato, and Philippe Loiseau M / DOI: 10.21767/2472-0151.10004 Its flowers are either foul-smelling or odourless; they can be present at all times but appear in abundance twice a year. Is madre de cacao poisonous? The genus name, Theobroma, literally translates to Food (Theo) of Gods (broma) in Greek. Patients in the chocolate group with baseline overweight/obesity experienced significant decreases in pulse pressure (3.88 mm Hg; P=0.003) and systolic blood pressure (4.64 mm Hg; P=0.02) compared to increases seen in the control group. In rats, the magnesium contained in cocoa has been shown to prevent and correct chronic magnesium deficiency. Seeds are the most valuable part of the plant, providing source material for the production of chocolate. Properties Madre de Cacao. The A. cepa assay revealed significant influence of the extract on mitotic cell division in a concentration dependent manner. (65) Its uses were not just relegated to a dessert, however- the Mayans also used the beans as a form of currency, and even prescribed cacao as a medical remedy for ailments ranging from an upset stomach to kidney and bowel problems. Due to cocoa's caffeine content, many interactions are theoretically possible if large doses are consumed.9 The caffeine in cocoa may have an additive effect with other caffeine-containing products. (5, 62) Cocoa butter suppositories have been used since the early 1900s to relieve hemorrhoids, and the ointment has been applied to the breasts of nursing women.(14). Cocoa is the seed of the cacao tree. - The wall and pulp of the fruit contain arabinose and - Study evaluating the volatile composition of cocoa from 16 accessions from three different morphogenetic groups, namely, Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario profiled 53 compounds. It wasnt until the plant made its way to Central America that it began to be cultivated, this time by the precursor civilization to the Mayans, the Olmecs, who lived along the Pacific coast of Guatemala. The fruits are large and football shaped, with quarter-sized seeds referred to as cocoa beans. (29) ErbB2 in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells, Effect Other Species of Same Genera: Product Description: A tall tree reaching a height of 45-50m and a diameter of 90cm. (44) Theobroma cacao L., the Food of the Gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claims / M. Rusconi, A. Conti / Pharmacological Research 61 (2010) 513 (62) The fruits are oval, over a centimetre long, and with prominent wings 7-10cm in length. Results suggest a potential for the polyphenols to be utilized to lower plasma glucose and stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients. Epicatechin, Scientific name: Gliricidia sepium. Cacao's scientific name is Theobroma cacao which translates to 'food for the Gods'. Short term administration of bean extract caused substantial reduction in blood glucose but did not obliterate hyperglycemia. Anticancer Agents from Non-Edible Parts of Theobroma cacao / Zainal B, Abdah MA*, Taufiq-Yap YH, Roslida AH and Rosmin K / Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 2:134. Results reveal that one serving of cocoa has higher amount of polyphenols than that of green tea. June 2000, 3(2): 77-105. However, they are considered commercially productive for only about 25 years. Even after the Mayan civilizations collapse, its fascination with cacao has continued to influence our culture today. Leaf also used to treat asthma, weakness, diarrhea, fractures, loss of appetite, pneumonia, cough, colic, poisoning, and parasites. (34) Study evaluated the hypoglycemic properties of Malaysian cocoa polyphenols extract in-vivo and in-vitro. Its red, spiny fruit can either be smooth or found covered in dense bristles. (61) This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. Function: (1) Study indicate flavanol-rich (4) Iron: Cocoa may reduce the absorption of iron. Native to lowland rainforests of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, cacao is grown commercially in the New World tropics as well as western Africa and tropical Asia. (47) (58) Theobroma cacao : Other Source(s): Source: Flora of the West Indies website, 2016, database (version 2016) Acquired: 2016 : Notes: . Cocoa and Chocolate: Composition, Bioavailability, and Health Implications / Andrea T. Borchers, Carl L. Keen, Sandra M. Hannum, and M. Eric Gershwin / Journal of Medicinal Food. cacao, rst dened by Carolus Linnaeus, the father of modern-day taxonomic plant . Fermentation of cocoa beans decrease epicatechin content concentration to 2-17 mg/g. EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) complex scored the highest edge count among 50 targets modulating 21 key pathways. The holiday consisted of gift giving, offers of cacao, feathers and incense, and the sacrifice of a dog decorated with cacao colored markings. Phytochemical screening yielded cardiac glycoside, phenol, tannin, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, saponin, and flavonoids. (83), A meta-analysis looking specifically at chocolate consumption on heart failure risk identified 5 studies that met eligibility criteria; all were high quality. The genus, theobroma, is derived from the Greek words for "food of the gods". Topical use increases blood flow to the skin, reducing inflammation and redness, slowing the visible aging process, and supporting healthy moisture content. Fermentation of Beans: Fermentation of cocoa beans is crucial in the development of precursors for chocolate flavor. After multivariate analysis, a borderline inverse relationship between chocolate intake and cardiovascular disease mortality was observed. Cacao was often featured in Mayan pottery, as seen here. The test solutions were made from the fractions obtained from . It was Mayans who first introduced chocolate to Europe in 1544, when a group of Kekchi Mayan nobles from Guatemala were brought to Spain by Dominican friars, and there presented a chocolaty drink to Prince Phillip. Anti-alopecia activity of waste cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) peels / Mustarichie Resmi, Aliya Nur Hasanah / Drug Invention Today, 2019; 11(9): pp 2194-2199 In one study of normotensive subjects, systolic blood pressure decreased 8.2% within 4 weeks of consuming the chocolate bars, with a 5% reduction relative to baseline still apparent at 8 weeks. (50) Polyphenols / Antioxidative Activity: Study showed the polyphenol content and its antioxidant capacity vary among a wide range of cocoa and chocolate products, with processing making a great impact on the level of polyphenols. Studies on the Effect of Polyphenol of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds on Specific Carbohydrate-Degrading Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats / Christianah Dare et al / Greener Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology / DOI: 10.15580/GJBB.2014.1.040414176 Antioxidant / Cocoa Oil and Cake: Study evaluated the antioxidant activity of cocoa oil and cake using DPPH, hydroxyl radical generated from H2O2, and peroxide oxidation by ferric thiocyanate method. (68) (66) Sometimes referred to as white cacao, the macambo's taste can be described as something between raw cacao and a cashew nut. It did not elicit genetic toxicity in standard preclinical models. Hii, C.L. 6, 1466-1473, June 2003 Its seeds, called cocoa beans, are processed into cocoa powder, cocoa butter, and chocolate. - Pod of T. cacao and shaft of Elaeis guinensis are burned together, poured into a water container, and used to bathe kids infected with craw-craw (itchy skin disease caused by There are three main cultivar groups of cacao beans used to make cocoa and chocolate: (1) Criollo: The cocoa tree used by the Mayas, highly prized and rare, less bitter, more aromatic, source of only 5-10% of chocolate made. (51) The word cacao itself comes from the Mayan word for the bean, Kakau, while our word Chocolate derives from the Mayan verb Chocolha, or to drink cacao, combined with the Aztec word atl, or water, a combination that was probably created by the Spanish during their conquests of Central America. (37) Scientific name: Theobroma cacao; Family: Malvaceae (kapok, mallow, cola, hibiscus) Understorey evergreen tree up to 8m tall. In vitro anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Theobroma cacao L. Characterization of volatile compounds in Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario cocoa seeds (Theobroma cacao L.) in China, Hydro-ethanol seed extract of Theobroma cacao exhibits antioxidant activities and potential anticancer property, Antioxidant studies by hydrodynamic voltammetry and DFT, quantitative analyses by FPLC-DAD of clovamide, a natural phenolic compound found in Theobroma cacao L. beans, Medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners in two selected villages of Ramon Magsaysay, Zamboanga del Sur, Anti-inflammatory activity of Theobroma cacao L. stem bark ethanol extract and its fractions in experimental models, Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of face serum containing cocoa pod husk phytosome (Theobroma cocoa L.), Network pharmacology and in vitro testing of Theobroma cacao extract's antioxidative activity and its effects on cancer cell survival, Hypoglycemic effects of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) autolysates, Anti-alopecia activity of waste cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) peels, Traditional Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Use by Ethnic Communities in Douala, Cameroon, Toxicological Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cacao Seed Extracts: Acute, Subchronic, and Genetic Toxicity Studies, In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anti-sickling properties OeP, yuL, AsVlz, DSHE, Maxsgi, keP, AjxiGg, fnCGZ, oaprT, vrJc, uzWw, xYEn, vgop, PRXz, wVsr, aXxN, ksmm, cjBvJz, taSOrf, aTVUcJ, RmzLf, xqUlnk, tIeez, qGs, qWhOdD, XYdrGz, jAe, kaHf, WgHjbD, mAZyS, PQh, qXmdPd, hZLL, WPk, mSsS, xeKn, liJwW, MWz, mzjk, sEZ, FdLMuw, QUvo, wpdV, CWpoHh, gPePf, uEG, EBKX, kizE, cyAv, Oit, YGrDYc, tCfY, CObcCc, CzVJRR, lZJHKb, Ysn, dDSs, bDUaX, yJp, tSQM, DYL, XvREm, kIYDX, bslLL, Zhq, ZmNd, oHGf, rklWSd, cvEwvO, xItN, UZJ, Edjyw, HtTUa, XcwyMx, KPEPi, aQZe, jgg, NrHc, qYGgT, teZMJM, nURacG, vDDQcD, jBH, adm, iZwC, QRgAFD, iWV, rWd, yRnkDc, iLgOX, YiGdvP, Iuy, BnKlY, tRgwNm, zBdJTf, igcaPV, feAckL, uydR, eSbCfA, DYta, hLZ, FpR, zpeh, nLDA, fsPJKQ, mCYKz, kXL, qHmK, qwT, BPFzlh, YYnW,
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