These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. ThinkGeoEnergy ehf. 2.1 Geothermal Conditions Across Europe In Chap. However, deep geothermal energy is currently harvested mainly from areas with very favorable geothermal conditions. In the ongoing quest to combat climate change, new forms of carbon-neutral, environmentally friendly energy sources are being prioritised by the European Commission, especially following the unveiling of its Green Deal initiative. 1, we introduced heat flow and temperature gradient as important factors to assess the geothermal conditions of a region, and seismicity as a major risk for geothermal projects. Europe is undergoing an energy transition with the aim to abolish nuclear, coal and other non-renewable energy sources through renewable energy developments. In Europe, the main exploited or potential deep geothermal resources are located in Turkey, Central Europe, France, and Italy (Larderello). Suitable European and national policy frameworks can and should encourage this trend if European countries are serious about becoming zero-carbon by 2050., Key findings of the European Geothermal Market Report 2019. Geothermal energys backers are gaining momentum around the world, as the technology improves and societies seek every avenue to reduce the emission of harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:40204027. In Iceland, a tiny island nation that sits atop countless hot springs, geothermal plants are being used to power the worlds biggest carbon capture effort, an innovative attempt to pull carbon out of the air and pump it into the ground. Google Scholar, Buijze L, van Bijsterveldt L, Cremer H, Paap B, Veldkamp H, Wassing BB, van Wees JD, van Yperen GC, ter Heege JH (2019) Review of induced seismicity in geothermal systems worldwide and implications for geothermal systems in the Netherlands. It shows the different heating options in Europe, with current heat demand, potential for solar energy, biomass and geothermal for district heating. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-SHARE-EDSF, Bksi E, Lenkey L, Limberger J, Porkolb K, Balzs A, Bont D, Vrijlandt M, Horvth F, Cloetingh S, van Wees JD (2018) Subsurface temperature model of the Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin. At the installations higher end, thats equivalent to about the electricity generated by about 94 football fields of solar panels, on a plot of land that is less than a tenth of that. But with patience you can be there, said Domitrovic, who said that with European energy prices as high as they were this summer, he thought that many geothermal projects would break even in seven to 10 years. As part of a European funded study, an online Pan-European Thermal Atlas (Peta) has been published online. Dario Bonciani, representative of COSVIG-DTE 2 V, a GEO-ENERGY EUROPE partner added, "This is a country with a huge potential and a geothermal market in expansion. Krpan said he hopes geothermal energy could eventually generate a third of the countrys power demand. Its a treasure, said Zeljka Sladovic, the founder of GeoDa Consulting and a longtime consultant on geothermal projects in Croatia. Forrestal Building1000 Independence Avenue, SWWashington, DC 20585, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary's Office, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs Office, Resource Potential, Power Generation, and Power Plant Maps, California oil, gas and geothermal fields, About Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. However, just 15% of known geothermal reserves around the world are exploited for electricity production, generating just 13 GW. Geothermal Electricity Wells drilled around one mile deep into underground reservoirs can tap steam and very hot water that drives turbines linked to generators and produces geothermal-generated electricity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.020, CrossRef The global geothermal energy market size was valued at USD 59.40 billion in 2021. Geologos 21(3):187196. Geothermal is:StableSecureBase loadInfrastructureEconomical size of source is depend on the energy price Geothermal can serve: 1,2% of EU-27 total energy consumption1% from EU-27 power consumption1,5% of EU/EEA-33 total energy consumption 2,7% of EU/EEA-33 power consumption (2013), Ziegler and Dzes (2006), Cloetingh etal. Europe is a leading market forgeothermal district heating and cooling systems. Neth J Geosci 98. https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2019.6, Bujakowski W, Tomaszewska B, Miecznik M (2016) The Podhale geothermal reservoir simulation for long-term sustainable production. Then the cooled water is pumped back down into the ground. We would like to change the name to the Geoenergy Agency, said Krpan, its chief executive. As a big picture, the geothermal market in Europe is not developing at an expected rate and three main reasons are attributed to it [65]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-019-0126-7, Rybach L, etal (1979) Geothermal resources: an introduction with emphasis on low temperature reservoirs. So advocates are advancing geothermal projects around the world, wherever the earths crust is conducive. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 75101. European Commission (EC) research showed that geothermal energy could help Europe in its aim to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Based on its analysis of the key megatrends the world in the next 50 years, Bill Gates' Breakthrough Energy Coalition has identified geothermal as one of five areas of focus. In a 2022 report on Hungary, the agency said the country should further exploit its "very good geothermal potential". This chapter introduces the geothermal conditions in Europe and explains the distribution of geothermally favorable regions. At the end of 2019, in Europe there were 130 geothermal electricity plants in operation, 36 projects under development and 124 projects in the planning phase for a total 3.3 GWe capacity. Experts estimate that about 80-90 million cubic metres of thermal water hotter than 30C is extracted annually in Hungary from depths between 300 and 2,500 metres. ATLAS OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN EUROPE: PLANNING EXPLORATION AND INVESTMENTS. The Philippines' current energy supply can't keep up with the demands of a fast growing economy. State of the Art in Deep Geothermal Energy in Europe pp 1127Cite as, Part of the SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences book series (BRIEFSEARTHSYST). These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority pp 125133, Toth A (2019) Prospects for geothermal power projects in Hungary. The market is projected to grow from USD 62.65 billion in 2022 to USD 95.82 billion by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period. Outside of the main towns and cities electricity can be scarce but in the village of As Eyla villagers have near round-the-clock power thanks to solar, and it's been life-changing. It is also home to more than 300 hot springs often associated with mythological beliefs and places of worship. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. During the course of the 20th century, Iceland went from what was one of Europe's . The participating countries are: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,. This survey was designed for covering the sites . Stable Secure Base load Infrastructure Slideshow 1326028 by ismael (2018) with permission from Elsevier. That can scare off investors. In: Geophysical research abstracts, Vienna, Austria, vol18, pp EPSC201616441, Miecznik M, Sowida A, Tomaszewska B, Pajk L (2015) Modelling geothermal conditions in part of the Szczecin Trough the Chociwel area. Reporting on Earths changing climate and the people trying to find solutions to one of the biggest challenges of our era. Im not sure that it makes sense from an economic point of view, said Neven Duic, the president of the International Center for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment System, a Zagreb-based research group, who said he thought that more modest geothermal projects, such as municipal heating plants, would generate fewer profits but might make more social sense than electricity. European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC) - the European geothermal energy trade association, aiming to promote geothermal development in Europe by influencing the improvement of frameworks and driving research. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Renew Energy 99:420430. Globally, the U.S., Indonesia and Philippines's development of geothermal energy dwarfs that of most of Europe. S. Hurter, R. Haenel. The technology became mainstream in certain national markets, proving its maturity to drive the shift of the heating sector to renewables. Ethiopia's main power source,. Due to a high potential in geothermal development, we discuss two of them in detail, the Danish and the Polish Basins. (Limberger and van Wees 2014, used under CC BY 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), Data from Basili etal. Geolog Soc Lond Memoirs 32(1):4356. Listen. Geothermal Potential Across Europe. GTO works with national laboratories to develop maps and data that identify renewable, geothermal resources, possible locations for implementation of various geothermal technologies, and actual and potential geothermal power generation sites. Geothermal energy typically works by drilling a well a mile or two into the ground and pumping up water that has been heated by the energy of the earths core. Geologos 22(2):149163. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Pan-European Thermal Atlas/ Heat Roadmap Europe 20150 (source: heatroadmap.eu), http://maps.heatroadmap.eu/maps/31157/Renewable-Resources-Map-for-EU28. An inner core of solid iron that is about 1,500 miles in diameter. A district heating system provides heat for most of the buildings in Reykjavik, Iceland. India is the second most populated country in the world and is known for its rich culture, its variety of spices, and amazing food. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. These cookies do not store any personal information. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-012-0052-6, Lund B, Tryggvason A, Chan N, Hgdahl K, Buhcheva D, Bdvarsson R (2016) Understanding intraplate earthquakes in Sweden: the where and why. Several new permits for geothermal power plants have been issued in recent months. Worldwide geothermal electricity generation stood at 92 TWh in 2019, according to the. Geothermal power is electrical power generated from geothermal energy. From a geological perspective, Europe is split along an intracontinental suture zone extending from the North Sea to the Black Sea. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15446-6_3, Heidbach O, Tingay M, Barth A, Reinecker J, Kurfess D, Mueller B (2009) The 2008 database release of the World Stress Map Project. - 181.177.201.171. In Europe, the geothermal energy market has been growing fast in 2019, but the policy framework has been proven crucial in affecting its development. Precambrian Res 204205:75104. The result is a high concentration of potential emissions-free geothermal energy, one that can form the base of a carbon-free electricity grid, unlike wind and solar power, which dont typically generate power around-the-clock. The northern part of the country is part of the geothermal-rich Pannonian basin, a region where continental plates collided about 16 million years ago, then folded back on themselves repeatedly, creating fractured rock that allows heat to rise from the earths molten core close to the surface. Geothermal energy is also used to directly heat individual buildings and to heat multiple buildings with district heating systems. Earth-Sci Rev 102(3):159206. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL BE SOCIAL & SHARE PUBLISHED: July 29, 2020 While geothermal is typically associated with its ability to provide clean energy for electricity and heating & cooling, did you know that it also contributes to local development and sustainable tourism? Johanna Fink . Geothermal power facilities currently generate 25% of the country's total electricity production. But the detailed underground maps left over from decades of fossil fuel exploration can help geothermal investors find good prospects. The UFO-like Velika Ciglena geothermal plant is the first of its kind in Croatia, and backers believe the technology could eventually power much of the countrys needs, as well as in neighboring countries that have similar geology, such as Austria, Hungary and Serbia. (2019), used under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) CB: Cornubian batholith, CF: Carpathian Mountains and Foredeep, IVZ: Iceland Volcanic Zones, MB: Molasse Basin, NGB: North German Basin, NDB: Norwegian-Danish Basin, PAN: Pannonian Basin, PL: Polish Lowlands, RVG: Ruhr Valley Graben, TLG: Tuscany-Latium Geothermal Area, URG: Upper Rhine Graben, WNB: West Netherlands Basin, AB: Aquitaine Basin, Reproduced from Gehlin etal. Can the world agree on how to save its last wild animals? Skeptics of the efforts say that solar and wind generate power more cheaply, especially in Croatia, where the geothermal water isnt as hot as it is in more volcanic places like Iceland. Check it out here:http://maps.heatroadmap.eu/maps/31157/Renewable-Resources-Map-for-EU28, All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2015-0013, Ndor A, Kujbus A, Tth A (2019) Geothermal energy use, country update for Hungary. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.05.003, Dovenyi P, Horvth F, Liebe P, Glfi J, Erki I (1983) Geothermal conditions of Hungary. Despite Indonesia's vast resource potential, investing in its geothermal sector presents numerous challenges, ranging from a difficult regulatory environment to a lack of supporting . An outer core of hot molten rock called magma that is about 1,500 miles thick. This is a game which is not for the feebleminded. Demand for heating currently accounts for 53% of the energy consumption of North-West Europe, of which only 2.5% comes from renewable sources. Geothermal energy finds its way to the Earth's surface in three ways: Phys Earth Planet Inter 164(12):6374. Springer, Cham. The most attractive direct applications of geothermal energy in Poland are space heating, balneotherapy, recreational, aquaculture and other minor uses. Accessed 22 Oct 2021, Wjcicki A, Sowida A, Bujakowski W (2013) Evaluation of potential, thermal balance and prospective geological structures for needs of closed geothermal systems (Hot Dry Rocks) in Poland. Looking at all of the oil field production potential, significantly more power production is possible, with estimates in the tens of thousands of MW. Mlk is at pains to point out that geothermal output is not automatically electricity and that every town with more than 80,000 people in Northern Europe has a district heating program, which for the most part now uses fossil fuels - roughly half of which are coal, and half natural gas, so that many installs for Eavor will be highly . Geothermal is a vital part of the energy mix, powering about 90% of the nation's central . ZeroGeo Energy GmbH (ZeroGeo) has announced the commencement of an Air-FTG full tensor gravity and magnetics survey of an area of 5,000 km. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.07.009, Lassen A, Thybo H (2012) Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic evolution of SW Scandinavia based on integrated seismic interpretation. During 2019 and 2020, the EU has signalled its intent to become a net-zero bloc by 2050 by launching several large strategic initiatives intended to decarbonise all aspects of life. In many areas of Croatias Pannonian region, the water is boiling a little more than a mile down and gets hotter the deeper a well is drilled. 2020 to 2030 will be the Geothermal Decade. the geothermal potential in Europe. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Spain, and Europe and have been adapted for compliance with the . Tackling the environmental concerns for deploying geothermal energy in Europe - The GEOENVI project has the objective to make sure that deep geothermal energy can play its role in Europe's future energy supply in an increasingly sustainable way and to create a robust strategy to answer environmental concerns. On this website you can find out more about Geothermal District Heating in Europe: how it works, the European market and its future development, regulation, financing, and Potential One-minute guides to: In Iceland, all electricity is now produced with renewable energy. The Global COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented and staggering, with geothermal energy market experiencing higher . (2019) with permission from the Geological Survey of Sweden. Figure 4.1 shows the geothermal potential in Europe figurative. GeoPLASMA-CE aimed to foster the share of shallow geothermal use in heating and cooling strategies in central Europe. CIGLENA, Croatia Hidden in the rolling hills of the Croatian countryside, a futuristic structure that looks a little like a flying saucer is what backers say is the hope for the regions emissions-free future. This predicts that the number of operating power plants, with base load, could double in the next 5-8 years. [7] Carbon dioxide emissions from new geothermal power are high in Turkey, as the metamorphic rocks can release carbon. Warszawa/Krakw (in Polish), Ziegler PA, Dzes P (2006) Crustal evolution of Western and Central Europe. Firstly, the geothermal potential is undermined and. In October 2022, Eavor announced . Sign up for the latest news about climate change, energy and the environment, delivered every Thursday. The IEA Geothermal Energy Technology Collaboration Programme provides a framework for international co operation on geothermal energy R&D. Activities include sharing information and best practices on exploration, development and utilisation of geothermal energy as well as related data and technology analysis. As a small nation, Icelanders are used to cooperating effectively with larger partners abroad and Icelandic companies often work together on international projects. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96870-0_2, State of the Art in Deep Geothermal Energy in Europe, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.02, https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-SHARE-EDSF, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.05.003, https://doi.org/10.12770/bb6a87dd-e579-4036-abe1-e649cea9881a, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1233-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2007.06.005, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9302-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15446-6_3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.07.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.01.008, https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141657, https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-012-0052-6, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-019-0126-7, https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1402_555574, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.070, http://www.geoelec.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/D-2.5-GEOELEC-prospective-study.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.03, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Here, we explain how these three quantities are distributed across Europe. Geothermal waters with temperatures ranging from 20 to 100C and flow rate of up to 150 l/s are being produced from geothermal wells with final depths between 1 to 3 km. In: Pinter N, Gyula G, Weber J, Stein S, Medak D (eds) The Adria Microplate: GPS Geodesy, Tectonics and Hazards. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.01.008, Limberger J, van Wees JD (2013) European temperature models in the framework of GEOELEC : linking temperature and heat flow data sets to lithosphere models. Geothermal waters with temperatures ranging from 20 to 100C and flow rate of up to 150 l/s are being produced from geothermal wells with total depths between 1 to 3 km. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.02, Basili R, Kastelic V, Demircioglu MB, GarciaMoreno D, Nemser ES, Petricca P, Sboras SP, Besana-Ostman GM, Cabral J, Camelbeeck T, Caputo R, Danciu L, Doma H, Fonseca JFdBD, Garca-Mayordomo J, Giardini D, Glavatovic B, Gulen L, Ince Y, Pavlides S, Sesetyan K, Tarabusi G, Tiberti MM, Utkucu M, Valensise G, Vanneste K, Vilanova SP, Wssner J (2013) European Database of Seismogenic Faults (EDSF). Hotter water leads to more electricity. Part of Springer Nature. Croatia and its neighbors sit on top of a patch of unusual geology where the vast heat at the center of the world has an especially easy time coming close to the surface. The most attractive direct applications of geothermal energy in Poland are space heating, balneotherapy, recreational, aquaculture and other minor uses. This predicts that the number of operating power plants, with base load, could double in the next 5-8 years. In order to better understand the large scale faulting and ensure viability of future geothermal projects, a 3D seismic survey was acquired in the French part of the URG during 2018. We also give a more detailed overview of the Pannonian Basin with above-average geothermal conditions. Eavor's closed-loop geothermal systems extract heat energy from an isolated network of wellbores, akin to a deep underground radiator. Presented to the public in a universal mapping platform and centralized national . PUBLISHED: July 8, 2022 The European Parliament has voted on 5 July 2022 to consider gas and nuclear energy to be sustainable investments in the Sustainable Finance Taxonomy, provide they comply with a set of criteria. On the contrary, the stop-and-go policies witnessed in certain countries (notably Germany and France) represent a huge disruption for geothermal technologies, hinder the market and ultimately slow down the uptake of urgently-needed solutions to decarbonise the European economies. High energy geothermal energy (over 2,500 meters): water exceeds 100 degrees and at such temperatures can even be used to generate electricity. Bull Geol Soc Den, Garrison GH, Gulaugsson S, dm L, Ingimundarson A, Cladouhos TT, Petty S (2016) The South Hungary enhanced geothermal system (SHEGS) demonstration project. Geothermal Potential in India. These hot springs are known to have medicinal and therapeutic purposes . Geothermal resources for most European countries are assembled in the recently completed Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe. Hot water near the earth's surface is piped into buildings for heat. However, the main period of capacity growth occurred after World War II . Since nearly 50 % of Europe's energy demand is in the heating and cooling sector, it is expected that geothermal energy will play an important role in the transition to a decarbonized energy system. See Bksi etal. Modified from Rosberg and Erlstrm (2019), used under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), All figures modified from Grad and Polkowski (2016), used under CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/), Reprinted from Bksi etal. British Columbia has enormous potential to produce geothermal power. Conrad Prabhu. This is our own resource. Whats better than having our own energy in our backyard? said Dragutin Domitrovic, who served as construction manager when the Velika Ciglena power plant was being built and now runs Calida Aqua, a geothermal consulting group. GTO works with national laboratories to develop maps and data that identify renewable, geothermal resources, possible locations for implementation of various geothermal technologies, and actual and potential geothermal power generation sites. Both Sweden and the Netherlands have ambitious programmes for expanding the use of geothermal sources. Producing energy from oil and gas fields in Texas alone could produce between 400 - 2200 MW of geothermal power, according to SMU scientists. The Geothermal TechnologiesOffice (GTO) carries out R&D and demonstration efforts to deploy 12 GWe of clean geothermal energy by 2020 and expand geothermal into new U.S. regions. . Oman takes steps to harness geothermal potential. Let's take a look at 6 geothermal destinations in Europe to help you plan for a "renewable" holiday. In 2019, the European geothermal heat pump market reached amilestone of 2 million heat pumps installed. Installed capacity for geothermal electricity and district heating by country in 2019 (MW) (source: EGEC, 2020). This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in As part of a European funded study, an online "Pan-European Thermal Atlas" (Peta) has been published online. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 5. Geothermal District Heating (GeoDH) is the use of geothermal energy to provide heat to buildings and industry through a distribution network. Geothermal is:. .as seen by us in Enex, by:Lrus Elasson, CEO. Overall, the use of geothermal energy can scale up very rapidly with the right policies and market conditions: stable policy framework, proper insurance schemes, sound Research & Development & Innovation policies, carbon price and stopping the support for fossil fuels, including gas. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The maps below were developed by National Laboratories, universities and other organizations. 03/19/2015. On the map, these are the red, pink and brown areas. Iceland is a pioneer in the use of geothermal energy for space heating. The status of geothermal district heating and cooling reflects a stronger interest for this renewable resource and the possibility to implement it almost everywhere in Europe, covering 25% of the EU population. Europe continues to see growth of the geothermal energy market, with an installed power generation capacity of 3,300 MW in 130 operating plants, and 5,500 GW installed thermal heating and cooling generation capacity, so EGEC in its European Geothermal Market Report 2019. Covering all segments of the sector from electricity and geothermal heat pumps to district heating and cooling the Geothermal Market Report provides a comprehensive picture of the state of the sector in Europe, as well as insightful analysis of the market trends, policy framework and technology evolutions that shape the geothermal sector. The cross section illustrates the transition from the sedimentary succession in the Danish Basin to mostly crystalline rocks towards the NE. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Geothermal accounts for just 0.3 percent of the European Union's primary energy production; worldwide, the exploitation of geothermal energy is even lower. Such renewable energy resources are rapidly gaining importance. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Locating and developing resources is an important part of that mission. In a part of Europe that still generates much of its electricity by burning natural gas and coal, some green advocates say they should look deep beneath their feet to harness the power of the earths core. Right: Tectonic setting of south Sweden in the Danish Basin with location of main fault zones and the TESZ, here termed Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, and cross-section location. Within Europe, geothermal springs have been used as a source of heating for thermal spas since Roman times, as famously illustrated in Bath. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4235-3_25, Voss PH, Larsen TB, Ottemller L, Gregersen S (2009) Earthquake in southern Sweden wakes up Denmark on 16 December 2008. And there is a huge potential for agriculture, said Marijan Krpan, the chief executive of the Croatian Hydrocarbon Agency, the state agency that oversees drilling in the country. In this work an estimation and comparison of the technical and sustainable potentials of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems) in Europe is presented. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The plant can generate about 17 megawatts of power, although because of the way Croatias grid is operated, its currently limited to 10 megawatts. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Fink, J., Heim, E., Klitzsch, N. (2022). Geothermal opportunities exist across East Africa's Great Rift Valley - in Ethiopia, a geothermal power plant in the Aluto Langano region is under construction. As the whole of Europe seeks to increase the use of carbon-free renewable energy and decrease dependence on imported hydrocarbons, the Hungarian government passed a decree in October to increase geothermal use, but has yet to . The trend of ongoing projects anticipates a rapid acceleration and a diversification in leading markets. In Croatia, that has meant projects that generate heat for entire districts in towns that have centralized heating infrastructure instead of furnaces or boilers in each building. Geothermics 53:328352. In the rugged mountains of eastern California, a major new geothermal power plant opened in August. The location of the DGE-1 well close to Lund is also marked. As of January 2019, 14.6 GW of geothermal electrical capacity had been installed across 24 countries, with another 12.5 GW in planning across 82 countries. The total market size for geothermal energy in Europe (supply plus demand side) could amount to 160-210 billion US$/yr in 2050, with the largest share of geothermal investments directed towards residences (about 70%) and commercial buildings (around 25%). Map of Europe and France of temperatures at 5 km depth: OUR APPROACH Icelandic companies and consultants have been involved in geothermal projects all over the world, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Turkey, Hungary, Germany, El Salvador, Indonesia and China. Seeking to diversify its portfolio of renewable energy resources, presently dominated by solar and wind, the Sultanate of Oman has launched a new effort to assess and eventually unlock the potential of its geothermal resources. The term 'geothermal energy' refers to any heat derived from the ground, from depths of a few metres to multiple kilometres beneath the Earth's surface. In Paris, geothermal wells are heating elegant 19th-century apartment blocks. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.03, Institute for Applied Geophysics and Geothermal Energy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, Johanna Fink,Elisa Heim&Norbert Klitzsch, You can also search for this author in Eur Geotherm Congress 2019:11, Rosberg JE, Erlstrm M (2019) Evaluation of the Lund deep geothermal exploration project in the Romelesen Fault Zone, South Sweden: a case study. The . This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2007.06.005, Grnthal G, Wahlstrm R (2012) The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) for the last millennium. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Correspondence to Consequently, positive geothermal anomalies occur mainly south of the suture zone in regions of active tectonic deformation, for example, in the Rhine Graben or the Pannonian Basin, both of which are known for their hydrothermal reservoirs. Geothermal energy is expected to contribute to . An exploration campaign and initial test drilling program of three to five geothermal wells costs anywhere from $20 to $30 million. About a third of this is cooled. Resource potential for United States, including identified hydrothermal sites and favorability of deep enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), produced by National Renewable Energy Laboratory in conjunction with GTO. Geothermal energy was first used to produce electricity in 1904 in Larderello, Italy. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1402_555574, Sowida A (2018) Geothermal energy resources in Poland overview of the current state of knowledge. 2022. Now the oil has largely run out, and the country imports most of its gas. In fact, according to the Geothermal Roadmap issued by the European Technology Platform on Renewable Heating & Cooling ( RHC-Platform), this source of energy is currently able to offer in Europe a potential equivalent to 4 million tons of oil per year for heating and cooling, amounting to over 15 GWth (giga watt thermal) of energy. Geothermal TCP Related content There is potential for 5 GW of geothermal power in total, [6] including enhanced geothermal systems. Check it out here: http://maps.heatroadmap.eu/maps/31157/Renewable-Resources-Map-for-EU28 All rights reserved. With nearly 50% of the energy demand in Europe being heat, it is no surprise that many political discussions about the energy security for Europe circle around the supply of heat. Low-grade heat stored in the shallow subsurface (less than 200 m) is largely derived from solar radiation that is absorbed by the ground and distributed via natural groundwater systems . https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2016-0015, Sowida A, Hajto M, Grecki W (2016) The most prospective areas for geothermal energy utilization for heating and power generation in Poland. And the leaders of the government office that oversees the process, the Croatian Hydrocarbon Agency, want to make their focus even clearer by changing their name, which comes from the fossil fuel era. Geothermal conditions, heat flow, and temperature gradients are higher southwest of the suture zone than northeast of it, which is related to the different ages of the crust in these regions. And the first geothermal power plant opened last year in the middle of a cornfield just outside Ciglena, a village of about 300 people that is about 20 miles from the Hungarian border. And geothermal power doesnt have the same waste or safety risks as nuclear energy, a rival emissions-free source for electricity. Together, the five closed-loop projects are expected to generate over 2,500 GWh (thermal) of clean energy and save over 500,000 tonnes of CO 2 annually, for at least 30 years. Right: Depth of the 90\({}^{\circ }\text {C}\) isotherm. The maps below were developed by National Laboratories, universities and other organizations. Geology. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Global Planet Change 171:4864. GEUS Bull 17:912. According to the latest available figures from the International Energy Agency ( IEA ), geothermal energy accounted for only 5% of Hungary's renewables, which made up 14.8% of final consumption.. Google Scholar [8] Ramos-Escudero A., Garca-Cascales M.S., Cuevas J.M., Sanner B. and Urchuegua J.F. But there is wide variability from site to site, drilling wells is expensive, and often its impossible to know in advance whether a drill hole will yield good enough water. And in Croatia, there has been a flowering of projects after the government changed regulations in 2016 to allow the countrys thousands of disused oil and gas wells to be reused for geothermal projects. Przegld Geologiczny 58:9, Sowida A (2016) Possibilities of petrogeothermal energy resources utilization in central Poland. (2018) for more information about the geothermal conditions in the gray boxes as well as the two cross sections. [3] Geothermal energy is a locally available, endogenous heat source not affected by emissions, which is a present and future key technology in order to reduce emissions hazardous to climate and air quality. This estimate of the potential is built on common knowledge of the countries geothermal areas, populations living in or near these areas, the average heating per area (200 kWh/m2) and average area per inhabitant (55 m2/inhabitant). Croatian authorities are eager to press forward. In: ResearchGate, Tth L, Gyri E, Mnus P, Zsros T (2006) Seismic hazard in the Pannonian Region. These cookies do not store any personal information. The Upper Rhine Graben (URG), with its deep-seated fault systems, is well known for its high geothermal potential. "Today we have solar electricity. Geolog J 51(1):6576. With so many different applications, vast untapped potential and the high growth rates of the last years, geothermal energy is bound to become the bedrock of energy transition. Reproduced from Toth (2016) with permission from the Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority, Reprinted from Horvth etal. Despite encouraging recent developments, geothermal energy has yet to realise its full global potential. The slow decay of radioactive particles in the earth's core, a process that happens in all rocks, produces geothermal energy. Geofizikai Kzlemnyek 29(1), EMODnet Bathymetry Consortium (2020) EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM). The full version of the European Geothermal Market Report 2019 is available to members only. In 2019, there were 5.5 GWth of installed capacity in 25 European countries, with many new planned projects throughout Europe compared to 2018. In: Proceedings European geothermal congress 2016, p 8, Toth A (2016) The geothermal Atlas of Hungary. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Int J Earth Sci 105(4):11991214. There is a sufficient potential to meet the entire Provinces' power demand. Appl Ecol Environ Res 14(2):555574. Owned by GGE and REI Active in: Germany, Wolfratshausen/Munchen Hungary Slovakia . In: State of the Art in Deep Geothermal Energy in Europe. PubMedGoogle Scholar. ThinkGeoEnergy ehf. The country, which rests atop the Pacific Ocean's ring of fire, has converted . GEOELEC deliverable D2.5, The GEOELEC consortium. In Hungary, which has the largest potential for geothermal energy in central and eastern Europe, most of the district heating is currently fuelled by fossil gas, with geothermal providing only 4% . "The Geothermal Fluid Atlas is the first collection of physical and chemical fluid data of geothermal wells across Europe. Geothermal Potential in Europe. In conjunction with its release of the European Geothermal Market Report 2019, EGEC highlights the exponential growth of Europes geothermal sector while pointing out that market conditions are not ideal for the sector to thrive and reach its potential. But when only looking at . We showed to the world and to the sector that Croatias geothermal potential is useful, said Dragan Jurilj, one of the investors who helped build the power plant and who now operates it amid an ownership dispute with his former Turkish partners. There is a huge potential to generate a lot of electricity out of this. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 26 countries, [1] [2] while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. Philippe Dumas, EGEC Secretary General, said Geothermal energy is sparking enthusiasm throughout Europe, and not only for heating and cooling in buildings and infrastructures, but also for industrial processes and agriculture. Global geothermal power generation potential is between 70 to 80 gigawatts (GW). Among other virtues, advocates say, geothermal energy has a relatively small footprint, generating far more electricity per square foot than either wind or solar power, both of which require a lot of land to create power in any quantity. In: European geothermal congress 2013, Pisa, Italy, p9, Limberger J, van Wees JD (2014) 3D subsurface temperature model of Europe for geothermal exploration. In the European context and as a clean technology, geothermal energy falls within the ambit of the EU energy policy. 2000. In: Guterch B, Kozk J (eds) Studies of historical earthquakes in Southern Poland: Outer Western Carpathian Earthquake of December 3, 1786, and First Macroseismic Maps in 18581901, GeoPlanet: earth and planetary sciences. Deep geothermal energy is one of the most climate-friendly and efficient methods of supplying heating to entire city districts. USA Los Angeles China Beijing. Research has shown that this is especially true for new power plants, but the emission rate declines over a few years. Farmers are using the technology to warm their greenhouses. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Nato Science Series: IV: earth and environmental sciences, pp 369384. This fantastic interactive map shows the thermal demand and geothermal district heating potential in Europe. The geothermal potential of the UK was investigated by a program funded by the UK government and the European Commission that ran from 1977 until 1994, and saw a Hot Dry Rock experiment drilled in Carnmenellis granite of Cornwall. Weathered 19th-century churches back onto farmland and forest, and jouncing roads twist their way from Croatias elegant capital of Zagreb, which is an hour away. This UFO-like structure could help Europe transform its energy, 10 steps you can take to lower your carbon footprint, Big Oil talks transition but perpetuates petroleum, House documents say. For decades, the geologist worked for Croatias oil and gas industry, since the country was long rich with both of those resources. (2010), the European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC) (Grnthal and Wahlstrm 2012), and EMODnet Bathymetry Consortium (2020), Modified from Buijze etal. The temperatures at depths of (3500-9500) m were firstly calculated from the available data of temperatures at surface, 1000 m and 2000 m depth, and heat flow. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2608, Sowida A, Semyrka R (2016) Analyses of permeability and porosity of sedimentary rocks in terms of unconventional geothermal resource explorations in Poland. Geothermal exploration demands money upfront - one well costs about 500 million USD.Euronews. Published: 6:45 PM, Nov 17, 2022. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The reservoirs are deep underground and undetectable above ground. Geotherm Energy 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.WSM.REL2008, Horvth F, Musitz B, Balzs A, Vgh A, Uhrin A, Ndor A, Koroknai B, Pap N, Tth T, Wrum G (2015) Evolution of the Pannonian basin and its geothermal resources. It shows the different heating options in Europe, with current heat demand, potential for solar energy, biomass and geothermal for district heating. The heat is used to make steam that spins turbines, generating electricity. In Europe, Turkey and Italy lead in number of deep geothermal plants and installed capacity (see graphs below). Fuel made from ramen, dishes from coffee grounds: Japan rethinks food waste. GRC Trans 40:10, Gehlin S, Andersson O, Rosberg JE (2019) Geothermal energy use, country update for Sweden. You dont have to haggle about it with anybody. 2022. And now that Russia has caused an energy shortage in Europe by cutting off natural gas supplies, there is fresh impetus to invest in every form of homegrown power. Mohamed Kabila is a shopkeeper here. The webinar is free and youcan register here. Download : Download high-res image (974KB) Download : Download full-size image Fig. New opportunities are arising with the extraction of sustainable geothermal lithium made in Europe. In: Symposium on geothermal energy and its direct uses in the Eastern United States, U.S. Geothermal resources council, special report, vol5, pp 17, Sowida A (2010) Perspektywy wykorzystania zasobw wd termalnych jury dolnej z regionu niecki szczeciskiej (p\(^3\)nocno-zachodnia Polska) w ciep\(^3\)ownictwie, balneologii i rekreacji [Prospects of use of thermal water resources of Lower Jurassic aquifer in the Szczecin Trough (NW Poland) for space heating and balneology and recreation]. Technologies in use include dry steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. It facilitates the selection of new potential geothermal locations and enables effective design and layout of new geothermal power plants," remarks Regenspurg. Geothermal Energy: UK Potential 02 Nov 2013 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.028, Cloetingh S, van Wees JD, Ziegler PA, Lenkey L, Beekman F, Tesauro M, Frster A, Norden B, Kaban M, Hardebol N, Bont D, Genter A, Guillou-Frottier L, Ter Voorde M, Sokoutis D, Willingshofer E, Cornu T, Worum G (2010) Lithosphere tectonics and thermo-mechanical properties: an integrated modelling approach for enhanced geothermal systems exploration in Europe. Mapping the very shallow geothermal potential in Europe and selected case study areas. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Geothermal Energy: A new and viable alternative energy source to help achieve Europe's climate ambitions. In: Conference Proceedings, 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141657, Lizurek G, Plesiewicz B, Wiejacz P, Wiszniowski J, Trojanowski J (2013) Seismic event near Jarocin (Poland). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9302-y, Guterch B (2015) Seismicity in Poland: updated seismic catalog. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1233-8, Gregersen S, Wiejacz P, Dbski W, Domanski B, Assinovskaya B, Guterch B, Mntyniemi P, Nikulin V, Pacesa A, Puura V et al (2007) The exceptional earthquakes in Kaliningrad district, Russia on September 21, 2004. In: Proceedings world geothermal congress 2020, Reykjavik, Iceland, p10, Grad M, Polkowski M (2016) Seismic basement in Poland. Investments are favoured by the government and this renewable is considered as strategic here, to support the decarbonization of the energy sector. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. An official website of the European Union. The World Bank official is also quoted as saying that "exploring geothermal potential in St Lucia gives the country the ability to build its energy independence, increase resilience and reduce . Google Scholar These findings come from the European Geothermal Market Report 2019 published today by the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC). European Commission (EC) research showed that geothermal energy could help Europe in its aim to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Geothermal energy comes from deep inside the earth. Generating electricity with geothermal energy has increased significantly in recent years. EGEC is organising awebinaron 17 June at 11:00 am (CEST) to discuss the key findings of the market report. The purpose of the exploration project, called Projekt THERMO, is to evaluate the potential for geothermal power generation in the region with a potential by-product of heat production. https://doi.org/10.12770/bb6a87dd-e579-4036-abe1-e649cea9881a, Erlstrm M, Boldreel LO, Lindstrm S, Kristensen L, Mathiesen A, Andersen MS, Kamla E, Nielsen LH (2018) Stratigraphy and geothermal assessment of Mesozoic sandstone reservoirs in the resund Basin exemplified by well data and seismic profiles. The Velika Ciglena power plant is an unlikely futuristic addition to a pastoral landscape. The installation is dominated by 44 massive silver fans, each about 20 feet across, and spinning parallel to the ground, that cool the water before it is pumped back into the ground. (2015) with permission from Elsevier, Artemieva IM, Thybo H, Kaban MK (2006) Deep Europe today: geophysical synthesis of the upper mantle structure and lithospheric processes over 3.5 Ga. Geolog Soc Lond Memoirs 32(1):1141. Geothermal energy with low energy consumption (between 600 and 2,500 meters): the high-water temperature (between 30 and 90 degrees) allows its direct use to supply heating networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.070, Sowida A, Kaczmarczyk M (2016) Analysis of thermal parameters of Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in central Poland. Canadian Geothermal Code for Public Reporting. Acta Geophys 61(1):2636. The European Parliament validating gas and nuclear energy in the sustainable taxonomy: what about geothermal? The result is a high concentration of potential emissions-free geothermal energy, one that can form the base of a carbon-free electricity grid, unlike wind and solar power, which don't typically . At the end of 2019, in Europe there were 130geothermal electricity plantsin operation, 36 projects under development and 124 projects in the planning phase for a total 3.3 GWe capacity. The project, which was never intended to produce electricity, was a rock mechanics experiment to research the . There is a huge potential for district heating. Geothermal Power and Sustainability. Europe had its warmest summer on record this year, drying up rivers and draining hydroelectric dams of their energy source, for instance. Estimates on how much of Europe's power could be provided by geothermal sources range from 4% to 12.5%, which doesn't sound mind-blowing for a limitless energy source. But as the climate warms, backers of geothermal energy say that it can be a good hedge against the weather extremes that can sometimes threaten aboveground renewable energy sources. The modest European figures, though, don't count non-EU heavyweights Iceland and Turkey, the latter a breakout prodigy that more than doubled its capacity between 2016 and 2018 to a . . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96870-0_2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96870-0_2, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v17.5002, van Wees JD, Boxem T, Angelino L, Dumas P (2013) A prospective study on the geothermal potential in the EU. SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences. http://www.geoelec.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/D-2.5-GEOELEC-prospective-study.pdf. Industrial applications of geothermal energy include food . Geothermal energy is expected to contribute to Europe's green energy mix, supporting modernised district and communal heating systems and helping achieve the EU's 2022 REPowerEU Plan targets. However, most geothermal reservoirs in Europe are intracratonic basin-type reservoirs located both southwest and northeast of the suture zone. 2021 Spatial analysis of indicators affecting the exploitation of shallow geothermal energy at European scale Renewable Energy 167 266-81. Enex. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 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